Common Health Problems in Dogs FAQs

Q: What are some of the most prevalent health issues that affect dogs?

A: Dogs, like humans, can experience a variety of health problems. Some of the most common issues include obesity, dental disease, ear infections, parasites, arthritis, skin allergies, urinary tract infections, cancer, diabetes, and a condition called bloat.

Q: What are the signs of dental disease in dogs, and how can I prevent it?
A: Dental disease is a frequent problem for dogs, often characterized by the accumulation of plaque and tartar on their teeth. This can lead to unpleasant breath, infections in the gums, and even tooth loss.

You might notice the following signs if your dog has dental disease:

• Bad breath: This is often the first noticeable sign of dental issues.
• Red or swollen gums: Gums affected by inflammation or infection may appear redder and puffier than normal.
• Difficulty chewing: Pain or discomfort from dental problems can make it difficult for dogs to chew their food properly.
• Loose or missing teeth: As dental disease progresses, teeth can become loose and eventually fall out.2

To help prevent dental disease:

• Brush your dog’s teeth regularly: Using toothpaste specifically designed for dogs is important because human toothpaste can be harmful to them.
• Provide dental chews and toys: These can help to naturally scrape away plaque and tartar as your dog chews.
• Schedule professional cleanings: Your veterinarian can perform a thorough dental cleaning under anesthesia if your dog has significant plaque or tartar buildup.2

Q: My dog keeps scratching its ears. Could it be an ear infection? What are other signs of ear infections and how are they treated?

A: Dogs, especially those with floppy ears like Cocker Spaniels and Basset Hounds, are prone to ear infections. These infections can be caused by bacteria, yeast, or allergies.

Besides scratching, common signs of an ear infection include:

• Redness or swelling inside the ear: This is a visual indication of inflammation caused by the infection.
• Foul odor coming from the ear: A distinct, often unpleasant, smell can be a sign of bacterial or yeast overgrowth.
• Head shaking: Dogs may shake their heads frequently in an attempt to relieve discomfort or itching in their ears.3

To treat an ear infection, your veterinarian will likely prescribe:

• Ear drops: These often contain medications to fight infection and reduce inflammation.
• Other medications: Depending on the underlying cause and severity of the infection, your vet might also prescribe oral medications.
• Regular cleaning of your dog’s ears with a veterinarian-approved ear cleaner can help prevent infections.

Q: What can I do to protect my dog from fleas, ticks, and worms?
A: Parasites like fleas, ticks, and worms are common problems for dogs and can lead to various health issues ranging from skin irritation to more severe illnesses.

Here’s how to identify and address these parasites:

• Fleas and Ticks:
  • Signs: Look for excessive scratching or biting at the skin, redness and irritation, and small black specks (flea dirt) in their fur.

Prevention: Maintain a regular flea and tick prevention program using products recommended by your veterinarian.

Worms:

Signs: Observe for a bloated stomach, unexplained weight loss, diarrhea, or scooting (dragging their bottom on the ground).

Prevention: Consistent use of heartworm prevention medication is key, and your veterinarian can advise you on the best deworming schedule for your dog.

If your dog is already dealing with parasites, your veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate medication to eliminate them.

Q: What are the symptoms of arthritis in dogs, and how can it be managed?

A: Arthritis, a condition that causes pain and stiffness in the joints, is common in older dogs. Large breeds, like German Shepherds and Labrador Retrievers, are more susceptible, but it can affect any dog.

Watch for these signs that might indicate your dog has arthritis:

• Limping or favoring a leg: This is a common sign of pain or discomfort in a specific joint.
• Difficulty getting up or lying down: Stiffness and pain can make these movements challenging.
• Reduced interest in exercise or play: Dogs with arthritis may be less active due to pain.
• Stiffness, particularly in the morning: Joints often feel stiffer after periods of rest.

While it’s not always possible to prevent arthritis completely, these measures can help manage symptoms:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight puts added strain on joints.
• Regular exercise: Appropriate exercise helps keep joints mobile.
• Veterinary recommendations: Your veterinarian may suggest joint supplements, pain medication, or a special diet formulated for dogs with arthritis.

Q: How can I tell if my dog has allergies, and what can be done to help?

A: Just like humans, dogs can have allergies, with common triggers being food, pollen, dust mites, or even flea bites. Allergies often manifest as skin problems.

Here are some signs your dog might have allergies:

• Intense itching: This is a hallmark symptom of allergic reactions in dogs.
• Red and inflamed skin: Irritation from scratching and the allergic reaction itself can cause inflammation.
• Excessive licking or chewing: Dogs may lick or chew at irritated areas, worsening the problem.
• Hair loss: Persistent scratching or licking can lead to hair loss in affected areas.

If you suspect allergies, consult your veterinarian. They might recommend:

• Medicated shampoos: These can help soothe and heal irritated skin.
• Medications: Antihistamines or other medications may be necessary to control the allergic reaction.
• Dietary changes: A food allergy might require switching to a special diet.
• Flea control: Preventing flea bites is important, as they can trigger or worsen allergies.
• Keeping your dog clean and free of fleas is essential for preventing skin issues.

Q: What is bloat, and why is it an emergency?

A: Bloat, medically known as Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), is a life-threatening condition where the dog’s stomach fills with gas and twists. Large, deep-chested breeds like Great Danes and Boxers are particularly prone to this.

It’s crucial to recognize the signs of bloat and seek immediate veterinary attention:

• Distended, hard abdomen: The stomach appears visibly swollen and firm to the touch.
• Restlessness and pacing: The dog seems uncomfortable and unable to settle.
• Excessive drooling: Increased salivation is a common symptom.
• Unproductive retching: The dog tries to vomit but doesn’t bring anything up.

To minimize the risk of bloat:

• Feed smaller, more frequent meals: Avoid giving one large meal a day.
• Restrict exercise after meals: Don’t allow your dog to run or play vigorously immediately after eating.

Bloat requires immediate surgery, so prompt veterinary care is critical.

These FAQs offer information from the source about common health concerns in dogs, focusing on symptoms, prevention, and treatment. Remember, this information is for general knowledge and should not replace professional veterinary advice. Always consult your veterinarian for any specific health concerns regarding your dog.